The term pH is a scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution based on the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺). The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where a pH of 7 is neutral, indicating a balanced concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. Solutions with a pH below 7 are acidic, with higher concentrations of hydrogen ions, while solutions with a pH above 7 are basic or alkaline, with lower concentrations of hydrogen ions.

Understanding pH is crucial in various fields, including biology, chemistry, medicine, and environmental science. In biological systems, enzymes and metabolic processes often require specific pH levels to function correctly. In agriculture, soil pH affects nutrient availability and plant growth. In everyday life, pH plays a role in the effectiveness of household cleaners and personal care products. By maintaining the appropriate pH levels, we can ensure optimal health, efficient industrial processes, and a balanced environment.