The versatility of laser etching machines has revolutionized the world of customization and personalization. Artisans can do anything from carving intricate designs on jewelry to making logos on promotional materials. However, each technique has drawbacks, which is why it is always helpful to have a guide outlining common laser engraving problems and solutions. 
Problem 1: Engraving depth is inconsistent
Even the most experienced engraver can have problems with inconsistent laser engraving depth. This causes certain parts of the etch to become deeper, making them look uneven. This often happens when you're trying to carve on a material with an uneven surface. If the material is uneven or the thickness varies, the laser beam may have difficulty maintaining a consistent depth throughout the engraving process.
If you do not set the focus of the laser etching machine correctly, you may also encounter problems. This causes the laser beam to diverge (separate) or converge (join), resulting in a change in engraving depth. The power and speed Settings of the laser also affect the engraving depth. If the power is too low, the laser may not be able to penetrate deep enough into the material. Setting it too high may cause the laser to go too deep into the material.
Solution: Calibrate focal length and power Settings
First, check the laser engraving speed and power Settings on the control board of the machine. Consider whether you want to do a deeper carving or a shallower etching. Add more power to your laser configuration for deeper engraving. Make sure your laser lens is clean so the laser beam doesn't change as it passes through.
Find the focus Settings on your machine, which may include a focus meter or autofocus function. Use it to find the right focus for your chosen material. Finally, make sure your material is flat and firmly positioned to prevent movement during engraving.
Problem 2: Burn marks on carved surfaces
Burn marks on the surface of the application often reduce the visual appeal and quality of the carving. They usually occur due to excessive heat generated during the carving process. Insufficient ventilation of the laser etching machine can cause heat to build up, leaving burn marks on the material.
Incorrect power Settings can also cause burn marks. If your laser head is set too high, you may burn or scorch your material. The quality of the material also plays an important role. Etching of low-quality materials or materials with a high resin content may cause burn marks.
Solution: Optimize speed and power parameters
Try lowering the power setting and increasing the carving speed to prevent burn marks. If this does not produce the desired results, try different Settings to find the right balance to achieve the best depth of carving while preventing burns. Optimize your Settings with the following laser engraving tips.
Choose the right materials.
Look at the material guide.
Calibrate the laser etching machine by checking focus, beam alignment, and machine condition.
Start with lower laser power and higher speed Settings to reduce the risk of burning or charring.
Check that your control transformer is suitable for your machine.
Gradually adjust the power and speed, and then observe the results.
Record the findings of different materials until the correct settings are reached.
Observe what Settings your laser tube needs to achieve special effects, such as deep engraving to add texture or lighter surface etching.
Problem 3: Unwanted burning or darkening
Organic materials such as wood and paper can end up scorched by too much heat from the laser machine. Due to variations in quality and water content, the engraver also has to deal with the unique challenges of organic materials. You are more likely to see carbonization of dry or low-quality wood.
Solution: Adjust speed and air assist
You can reduce charring and darkening by reducing the engraving speed. Slower speeds allow you to focus the laser on a single point for a long time, reducing the amount of heat generated. Try to reduce the engraving speed by 10% to 20%. Sculpting the material to see if it will reduce charring and darkening. Reducing the laser speed will result in deeper engraving, so other Settings need to be adjusted.
Laser etching machine systems usually have an air assist system that can blow air over the engraving material. This is done to remove smoke and debris and reduce the chance of burning. If you have problems with darkening or burning, increase the air auxiliary pressure or flow rate. Make sure the air nozzle is clean and barrier-free. Check your laser engraver manual to see if it allows you to adjust the air pressure manually.