The menstrual cycle is a natural biological process that typically spans about 28 days, although it can range from 21 to 35 days in adults. It is regulated by hormonal changes involving estrogen and progesterone, which prepare the body for a potential pregnancy. The cycle begins with menstruation, where the lining of the uterus is shed if no pregnancy has occurred. This phase, known as the follicular phase, is followed by ovulation, where an egg is released from the ovary around the midpoint of the cycle.

Following ovulation, the luteal phase begins, characterized by the thickening of the uterine lining to support a potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, hormone levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining, marking the start of a new menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle can be influenced by various factors such as stress, diet, and health conditions, making each woman's experience unique. Understanding the menstrual cycle is crucial for reproductive health, allowing for better management of menstrual symptoms and family planning.

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