For several decades, CNS diseases have caused serious burdens for individuals with these diseases in both physical and mental health. Studies show that more than 95% of CNS diseases have an unknown etiology, which presents scientists with significant obstacles on the road to the creation of efficient treatments. Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are the two most common types of conditions in the group of patients with CNS diseases, and researchers only have a few findings after years of efforts due to the complexity of the brain. However, new research conducted recently on these two types of illnesses has revealed some unexpected breakthroughs.
Recently, scientists at the Salk Institute published a paper in Cell Stem Cell indicating that people with Alzheimer's disease develop neurons that degenerate and experience a late-life stress process known as senescence, and these degenerating neurons will release inflammatory factors, triggering a cascade of brain inflammation that sends other brain cells out of control, which further proves that targeting senescent cells may be an effective way to slow down neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. They also pointed out that some known drugs that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be used as treatment options in the future. There is no doubt that the findings give significant hope for patients with Alzheimer's disease. At the same time, it also represents another significant step forward in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Meanwhile, a new potential therapy targeting Parkinson's disease is also being brought forward by scientists from the UK and Sweden, who indicated that nerve cells transformed from stem cells produced in a lab will be utilized to replace those destroyed by the disease, and they hope these can stop the spread of debilitating symptoms. Indeed, replacing degenerating dopamine cells in the midbrain of Parkinson's disease patients with transplants of dopaminergic neurons is seen as the most promising therapeutic approach. This will prevent the clinical progression of the disease due to its substantial loss of midbrain dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decreased innervation to the striatum. As a result of its importance in the research of a new Parkinson's disease therapy, dopaminergic neuron differentiation has come to the attention of researchers. However, a great number of studies still need to be done for successful applications in CNS disease treatment.
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